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DR-DOS
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Somos el museo virtual más grande y mejor en español.
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DR-DOS es el primer sistema operativo comercial estándar para computadoras y es descendiente directo de CP/M. Gary Kildall y John Torode fundan en 1975 la empresa Digital Research que exitosamente entra al mercado de las computadoras con su sistema operativo CP/M, acrónimo para Programa de Control para Microcomputadoras (Control Program for Microcomputers, CP/M), desarrollado por Gary Kildall para las computadoras basadas en el microprocesador Intel 8080 y el Zilog Z80, muy populares en los finales de la década de 1970. DR-DOS inició History from Matthias Paul's homepage: Lineo DrDOS (2000) is the successor of Novell DOS (1993-1996), which derived from Digital Research's DR DOS (1988-1993), and DR Multiuser DOS, which in turn were based on the DOS Plus (1985-1987), CP/M-Plus, DR Concurrent DOS (since 1986), and DR Concurrent CP/M (CCP/M) (since 1982) families, directly going back to the legendary CP/M (Control Program for Microprocessors) (1973) and the multitasking/multiuser version MP/M (Multiprogramming Monitor for Microcomputers). If you have a look, you can see the copyright messages going back to 1976, even though DRI's DOS family actually started out of DR Concurrent CP/M-86, which had some DOS emulation, and the multitasking DOS Plus for the Amstrad/Schneider PC1512, which had a Concurrent CP/M-86 emulation layer. However, some of the code or technology might even go back to the original CP/M code base, that is back to the days the whole microcomputer area started with Intel's 8080 in 1973... Other members of this OS family tree have been for example DR PalmDOS (1993), DR Concurrent PC-DOS, DR Concurrent DOS/386, DR Concurrent DOS/XM, CP/M-80, and CP/M-86, even a CP/M-68K and a graphically system extension named GSX. The list goes further with the networking software DR NET, the graphically multitasking shell GEM (Graphical Environment Manager) for both, Intel and Motorola platforms (e.g. on Atari computers with their GEMDOS), and last but not least the modular protected mode real-time operating system DR FlexOS, including its subsystems X/GEM and FlexNet. Currently shipping products such as Concurrent Control's CCI Multiuser DOS, Intelligent Micro Software's IMS REAL/32, and Integrated Systems' FlexOS are now on independent development paths, but also inherited the DR Multiuser DOS respectively DR FlexOS source code. "Ok, and what about MS-DOS/PC-DOS, then?" Microsoft's MS-DOS alias IBM's PC-DOS 1.0 (1981) (optimized for the IBM PC) were originally based on 86-DOS, licensed for $50.000 from Seattle Computer Products' QDOS (1980), a disk-operating-system written in two months (Technically, this is incorrect. Tim Paterson claims it took him 2 man-months over a 4 month period, look at http://patersontech.com/Dos/Micronews/paterson04_10_98.htm), and basically representing a mixture of 'new' ideas (especially in media access) and a 16 bit port from CP/M-80 to the 8088/8086 architecture. Of course, much has changed from these ancient times, but the roots are still visible. So after all, although OpenDOS (Caldera: 1997-1999) also learnt from MS-DOS to become most compatible (e.g. taking its own HIDEVICE= and MS-DOS' play on words DEVICEHIGH=, etc. ;-) ) and emulates MS-DOS' APIs, it truely is not a clone, as real as DOS can be... To give some foundation to these arguments, here are some of the single-user series' unique features at that times: DR DOS 3.4x (1988/1989) had the CONFIG.SYS INSTALL= command, and CONFIG.SYS queries by the ?= command, a full screen editor, help screens with /?, XDIR and XDEL, and already was ROMable and supported harddisks up to 512 MByte; DR DOS 5.0 (1990) introduced all these DOS load-high options moving parts of the kernel and drivers into UMBs and the HMA (like MEMMAX, HIDOS=ON, HIDEVICE=, HIINSTALL=, HILOAD, and the /MH parameter), and the graphically DOS-shell (ViewMAX); DR DOS 6.0 (1991) came with data compression (SUPERSTOR at that times), delete tracking software (DELWATCH), NetWare Lite support, a DOS prompt task switcher (TASKMAX), a link facility (FILELINK), CONFIG.SYS SET= and boot menus; been followed by Novell DOS 7 (1993) introducing real multitasking, Personal NetWare, a DOS DPMI server (without a need for MS Windows), Protected Mode DOS drivers (with DPMS), an adaptive cache which could lean memory even to DOS programs, LASTDRIVE=32 etc. Some of the features, like password protection or list files still have not been adapted by the competitors. Well, that's history and we should now get back to the present - because the story goes on (even if much of the being ahead of time has been lost because of Novell's trashing the product for two years)... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mr. M. wrote me: DRDOS was originally developed in the 1980s at Charnam Park, an industrial estate in Hungerford, in the far east of Wiltshire, in England. It stayed there until about 1996 when Novell dropped DRDOS. In January 1997, under Caldera, development began again in a barn near Andover, in Hampshire, by a group of ex-Novell engineers. OpenDOS 7.01 was released, a quick hack based on the version of Novell DOS which Novell had given them. Novell had unfortunately mislaid the source code of the latest version, which would not be found for nearly a year. In May 1997, I was looking for a company to do a placement year with as the 3rd year of a sandwich course. I was running OpenDOS 7.01 at the time, and I'd been using DRDOS 6.01 since 1992. At the time, I believed that the OpenDOS work was being done in the US, so I didn't believe my eyes when I found a note on the University noticeboard looking for a Software Engineering undergraduate to work on DRDOS in Andover. I applied for that post and worked for Caldera UK as a contractor from July 1997 until August 1998. I did a little kernel work and have a fair few bugs to my name (The Year 2000-PCI problem of the 7.02 beta, the DR-Mouse fiasco). I also rewrote the guts of FDISK and added support for other partition types. I'm attaching a photo of the inside of the barn where DRDOS and Webspyder were being developed, sometime in early 1998. This photo was taken by Matthias Paul. I've concealed all the faces except those of myself and Kevin, who can't really be seen well enough to identify Click here to see the photo! I also have some photos of the outside of the barn but I haven't scanned them in yet. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Robert W wrote in the OpenDOS mailing list: I know that this is a pretty long post but a lot of people have been asking about the merits of the various DOS's and this is the "OPEN DOS" ne. "Digital Research DOS" discussion list. I hope this is of interest to most of you, mostly new people I hope. For all of you who have been talking about which is the best DOS. For some of the old timers on the list this may be old news. Sorry. "Digital Research" was in the Operating System business long before Microsoft (Bill Gates and friends were making money with a program called Basic). It published CP/M, the first complete operating system for microcomputers. Before MS DOS was ever released, CP/M grew into a multiuser version: MP/M. For the Intel '86 family of microprocessors, Digital Research released a series of advanced operating systems, beginning with CP/M-86. This was followed by a series of multiuser, multitasking systems. including DR Multiuser DOS (still very much in use on some nationwide computer networks-in1994), Concurrent DOS 386, and Concurrent DOS XM. Concurrent DOS provided multitasking on a single computer and is the ancestor of the Task Manager. The first standard-type, single-user DOS released by Digital Research was DR DOS 3.41 in 1988. Coming a year after MS-DOS 3.3, it allowed the use of 512-megabyte disk partitions, whereas the MS-DOS release could handle only 32-megabytes disk partitions. This version of DR DOS was available only to computer manufacturers. It had the advantage -- shared with subsequent releases -- that it could be placed in ROM, so that it was fairly popular on portable computers. In 1991, a few months after IBM and Microsoft released DOS 4.0, Digital Research released its DR DOS 5. This was its first retail version of DOS. However, DR DOS 5 already had advanced command extensions, a task switcher, a memory manager, and the ViewMAX visual shell (which, although it was little more than a file manager, was much easier to use than the MS/IBM DOS Shell and easier to understand than Microsoft Windows). The next release, DR DOS 6, released in 1991, expanded on those features and was the first DOS to include a built-in disk-compression utility (SuperStor), a disk optimizer, a remote-transfer utility, and a full-screen file-undeletion program. ViewMAX was dropped as of Novell DOS 7, presumably because the over- whelming popularity of MS Windows had made it redundant. Novell DOS 7 included Novell Personal Netware which enabled you to set up a peer to peer network or connect to a Novell Netware network as a client. It had a built-in multitasking controller. With a 386 or higher CPU you could run multiple programs at once using a simple interface, without the overhead required for graphical screens, mice, and menus. If you didn't have an 80386 you could still use this utility to switch between loaded programs without running more than one at a time. The memory management utilities were, and still are, among the most sophisticated on the market. In 1994 they were present in no other package on the market. These features allow you to load some programs almost entirely outside of the DOS - addressable first megabyte of RAM. In addition to giving access to XMS, EMS, upper memory, and high memory, these features include complete support for both the virtual control-program interface (VCPI) and DOS protected-mode interface DPMI protocols for using the DOS protected mode. Starting with DR DOS 5 and 6, and now continuing in Novell DOS 7, this DOS is probably the most customizable operating system on the market, allowing for great flexibility in how you set up and organize your system. With just a little bit of programming skill, it is easier to set up and maintain multiple boot configurations in this DOS than in most alternative systems. Moreover, you can make the execution of any command in config.sys or autoexec.bat conditional. The built-in batch language contains a collection of commands that actually allow you to construct relatively structured code -- something no other DOS had (has?). To supplement these commands Novell DOS 7 used a unique feature -- {system variables} -- to let you build batch files that respond to external events. Also included were: extensive installation and configuration facilities, which could even edit and maintain your configuration files for you if you wanted. an on-line help system with a search feature, complete tools for protecting and recovering deleted files a file de-fragmenting utility a full screen editor that uses Wordstar commands and pull-down menus, giving you flexibility in choice of approaches to editing security facilities that enable you to restrict access to drives, directories, or files, or even lock up a stand-alone computer so nobody can use it without a password. (This is in addition to safeguards built into the networking software) a file transfer utility that can transfer files quickly from a laptop to a desktop computer -- or between two connected computers -- by way of either serial or parallel ports. And it doesn't add drive letters to your system to confuse you. Licensed add-ins included: Fastback Express, a fast, flexible full-screen backup program licensed from Fifth Generation Systems, including a Windows version for good measure. Search and Destroy, a set of virus-checking and virus-removal utilities, also in DOS and Windows versions. A version of stacker disk-compression software with a complete set of facilities for installing, maintaining, and removing compressed drives. After Novell DOS 7.xx, Caldera Systems purchased all the Digital Research Software from Novell and the name has been changed back and forth from Novell Dos to Caldera DOS to Open DOS and back to DR DOS and one set of the source codes was released to delorie.com in 1997 and now there are several versions out there in the system. I believe Caldera has since taken back the source code for further commercial development and broken off a division Called Lineo to do the development and sell products. You can still download a copy for PERSONAL use from various sites. Several people who used to work at Caldera Systems are still working on the Open DOS source code which was previously released as open scource, and others have also continued to work on improvements, such as Paul Matthias and DJ Delorie. So much for the Grand Daddy of all the DOS's. Someone else who has a good knowledge of the changes in Caldera/Open/DR DOS since 1995 can possibly fill in the next page in the life of the Real DOS. And if someone else can recall the life history of MS DOS, Free DOS, New DOS, or any thing else out there it might be interesting to read about it, including 4DOS,.(like - how much of 4DOS was licensed for use by PC DOS 7 and MS DOS 6 and 7.) PEACE BOB "DOMAN" MOSS -- Signing in from California, the eighth largest nation in the Western Hemisphere. Known as the Land of Fruits and Nuts among other things. "EAT CHOCOLATE FIRST" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Matthis answerd Robert in the OpenDOS mailing list: > The first standard-type, single-user DOS released by Digital Research > was DR DOS 3.41 in 1988. Almost, not counting DOS Plus 1.0-2.1, the first DR DOS issue was 3.31, followed by 3.32, 3.33, 3.34, 3.35, and 3.40. However, 3.41 was the first issue widely recognized because it was shipped by a multitude of major OEMs. (I'm having contradictory info on the fact if there was a retail product, and I have yet to see DR DOS 3.42, although according to INTERxx it existed. My assumption is, that 3.42 was never released, and what is available as DR DOS 5.0 "Leopard" BETA 1 at ftp://ftp.lineo.com might actually represent "3.42", as it has copyright strings from 1990, but still identifies itself as 3.41...) > that it could be placed in ROM, so that it was fairly popular on > portable computers. I have some indication that even DR DOS 3.31 was ROMable, however, I'm not sure about this. BTW, the forthcoming INTER61 will have a quite complete list of all the DOS operating system developed by Digital Research, Novell, and Caldera, including sub-releases and some BETAs. > ViewMAX was dropped as of Novell DOS 7, presumably because the over- > whelming popularity of MS Windows had made it redundant. Probably also because of DR DOS "StarTrek", a never-released project to run the Intel-port of Mac OS 7.1 on DR DOS (utilizing its Vladivar). Mind, that Digital Research's GEM (from which ViewMAX was derived) and Apple's Mac OS GUI both had it's origin at Xerox PARC, that's why they look so similar. DR DOS "Panther" BETA 1 still came with multi-windowing ViewMAX/3, which is now available under GPL on www.deltasoft.com. > These features allow you to load some programs almost entirely outside > of the DOS - addressable first megabyte of RAM. That is, DPMS - DOS Protected Mode Services (not to be mixed up with the Power Saving standard or a medical abbreviation ;-). > Starting with DR DOS 5 and 6, and now continuing in Novell DOS 7, this > DOS is probably the most customizable operating system on the > market, allowing for great flexibility in how you set up and > organize your system. Yes, although in some corners the Russian PTS-DOS is even more configurable. However, it is not as compatible with undocumented DOS internals as DR-DOS is. > The built-in batch language contains a collection of commands that > actually allow you to construct relatively structured code -- > something no other DOS had (has?). This is possible even in CONFIG.SYS, but the commands differ and unfortunately the most powerful directives are not documented (except for my comprehensice NWDOSTIP.TXT (MPDOSTIP.ZIP) in German, and the IBMBIOA3.ZIP README.TXT in crude English ;-) > security facilities that enable you to restrict access to drives, > directories, or files, or even lock up a stand-alone computer so > nobody can use it without a password. Yes, but security is limited and can be worked around by experienced users. > After Novell DOS 7.xx, Caldera Systems purchased all the Digital Research > Software from Novell and the name has been changed back and forth from > Novell Dos to Caldera DOS to Open DOS and back to DR DOS Almost, from Novell DOS to OpenDOS (7.01 and 7.02 BETAs) to DR-OpenDOS (only 7.02) to DR-DOS (7.02-7.03) (now for the first time with a hyphen ;-) Matthias -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- History 1997 to now: Lineo has saled DrDOS since summer 1999. Caldera has stopped developing it (beginn of 1999), Lineo and Caldera produces only Linux now. The last version is DrDOS 7.03, which has many new features, but they aren't very useful because there are some big bugs. The OEM version (7.04?) hasn't this bugs and there is also a FAT32 and LFN driver included. September 2000 Lineo announced this on www.drdos.com: "DR-DOS may be purchased only in quantities of 50 or more. Support is limited." Change April (?) 2001: Dr-DOS may be purchased in quantities of 5 or 10. Change 08/2001: Link from the official Dr-DOS FAQ broken for some months?!
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